Bilingual Edition · نسخة ثنائية اللغة (عربي / إنجليزي)
النصوص الأصلية بالإنجليزية مع الترجمة والشرح بالعربية · Exercises with Correct Answers
| English is now, or may soon become, the language of your instruction. Because it is not your native language, to study in English may be difficult at the beginning. Your success in your studies will depend upon your ability to understand, speak, read, and write English. This textbook is not intended to teach you English — you already know that well enough to be using it. Its purpose is to teach you how to use English effectively as a language of instruction. |
الإنجليزية هي لغة تعليمك الآن، أو ستصبح كذلك قريباً. ولأنها ليست لغتك الأم، قد تجد الدراسة بها صعبةً في البداية. يعتمد نجاحك على قدرتك على الفهم والكلام والقراءة والكتابة بالإنجليزية. هذا الكتاب لا يعلّمك الإنجليزية من الصفر، بل يعلّمك كيف تستخدمها أداةً فعّالة للتعلّم الأكاديمي.
💡 نصيحة: لا تخف من ارتكاب الأخطاء في البداية. الاستمرار في الممارسة هو مفتاح الإتقان.
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MOTIVATION. Not everyone is highly motivated from within. In education, the most obvious kind of outside motivation is grades. For many students, course grades are an immediate, short-range motivation for study. This is one of the reasons for examinations — but they must not become a goal in themselves. Grades help you from day to day, but your ultimate goal should be only ambition. Motivation can come from two sources: from inside of you, or from outside. In the first case, motivation comes from your hopes and expectations. Study purposes are individual and various. Think carefully about what you hope to gain from your studies and why. You should set a goal and direct all your study efforts toward reaching it. Because it will determine the direction and degree of your motivation for study. |
الدافعية: ليس كل شخص مدفوعاً من الداخل لأن يتعلّم. في مجال التعليم، أوضح أنواع الدوافع الخارجية هي الدرجات. للكثير من الطلاب، تُمثّل الدرجات دافعاً قصير المدى للدراسة، وهذا أحد أسباب وجود الامتحانات — لكن يجب ألا تصبح هدفاً بحدّ ذاتها. الدافعية تأتي من مصدرَيْن: من الداخل (أهدافك وطموحاتك) أو من الخارج (توقعات الأهل أو الحصول على وظيفة). فكّر جيداً فيما تريد تحقيقه من دراستك، وضع هدفاً واضحاً يُوجّه جهودك. 💡 مفاتيح الكلمات:
motivation = دافعية ambition = طموح grades = درجات/علامات |
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Interest depends upon understanding. It is helpful to realize that any subject is of interest and value. Many people have found it interesting and have even made a career of it. Think of how and why the subject is important to your general education.
First — Think of how the subject is related to other subjects or other times and places. Second — Think of how the subject is related to problems and purposes of your study. Third — Interest depends upon understanding. If you do not understand the rules of baseball or cricket, you cannot have much interest in watching it. |
الاهتمام مرتبط بالفهم. من المفيد أن تدرك أن أيّ مادة لها قيمة وأهمية. تأمّل في كيفية ارتباط المادة بحياتك أو بمواد أخرى أو بمشكلات العالم الحقيقي.
🔑 ثلاثة مفاتيح لبناء الاهتمام:
١- ربط المادة بالعالم من حولك ٢- ربطها بأهدافك الشخصية ومستقبلك ٣- تعمّق الفهم لأنه الأساس الحقيقي للاهتمام |
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CONCENTRATION means to focus your attention clearly and completely on a purpose. This is very easy to do when you are interested in what you are doing; it is difficult to concentrate especially when you are not interested. During your education you may have to study some subjects that do not interest you, or that do not seem to have any value. Nevertheless, they are subjects that must be studied. |
التركيز يعني توجيه انتباهك بوضوح وكلياً نحو هدف محدد. هذا سهل حين تكون مهتماً بما تفعله، لكنه صعب حين لا تشعر بالاهتمام. خلال مسيرتك التعليمية ستُضطر أحياناً لدراسة مواد لا تستهويك، ومع ذلك عليك إتقانها. 💡 تقنية: استخدم مؤقتاً (Timer) لجلسات تركيز مدتها 25 دقيقة مع استراحة 5 دقائق — تُعرف بـ تقنية بومودورو.
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DISTRACTIONS. Even though you are interested in a subject, your concentration is interrupted by various distractions. A distraction is something, such as an unexpected visitor, that takes your attention away from what you are doing. You have no control over some distractions, but you can control others. You can eliminate some distractions by choosing your place and time of study carefully. You can eliminate other distractions by keeping in good health. A tired feeling which results from staying up too late, from a poor diet, or from difficulty to concentrate. If you have headaches after concentrated reading, it may mean that you should have your eyes examined. Your physical health is important to good study habits. |
المشتتات: حتى لو كنت مهتماً بموضوع ما، قد تنقطع عن التركيز بسبب مشتتات متنوعة. المشتِّت هو أيّ شيء يسحب انتباهك بعيداً عمّا تفعله. بعض المشتتات يمكنك التحكم بها:
⚠️ الهاتف المحمول هو أكبر مشتِّت في عصرنا — ضعه بعيداً أثناء الدراسة.
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In order to study efficiently, you need to have a place that is always, and only, used for studying. Ideally, this should be your own private room. If you share a room with someone else, you will have to try even harder than usual not to be distracted. Your desk should be neat and cleared of anything that distracts your attention, such as photographs, personal letters, magazines, and a radio. All the materials you need for study should be within easy reach: textbooks, notebooks, a calculator, a dictionary, pens, and pencils. Your desk should have a good lamp. Unfortunately in a dormitory or at home your place of study may sometimes be noisy. The library is a better option — quiet and free from distractions. |
لتدرس بكفاءة تحتاج إلى مكان مخصّص للدراسة فقط ودائماً. المثالي هو غرفتك الخاصة. أمّا إن شاركت غرفتك مع آخر فستحتاج لجهد أكبر كي لا تنشغل. يجب أن يكون مكتبك نظيفاً وخالياً من المشتتات: الصور والمجلات والراديو. ضع بمتناول يدك: الكتب، الأقلام، الآلة الحاسبة، القاموس. إن كان المنزل أو المُقيم صاخباً، المكتبة هي الخيار الأفضل. 📌 قائمة مكتبك المثالية: كتب مقررة · أقلام · قاموس · دفاتر · إضاءة جيدة · هواء نقي
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One of the wisest things you can do is to set a definite schedule and follow it. This is difficult to do because besides the usual distractions and temptations there are often unexpected interruptions. Nevertheless, if you are really interested in studying well, try to follow the rule: your work and work your plan. There are enough hours in the day for studying, and for relaxation as well — if you do not have a timetable you may waste your time. The longer you wait, the more homework there will be. Plan a study schedule. The kind of study schedule depends upon your class schedule, your social activities, and the time when you eat and sleep. Before you plan a timetable for study: 1. Be realistic — schedule for leisure too. 2. For language courses, check vocabulary before each class. 3. For lecture courses, plan study immediately after the lecture. 4. Many courses use both lecture and recitation methods. 5. Distribute your study hours rather than massing them all together. |
من أحكم ما يمكنك فعله هو وضع جدول زمني ثابت والالتزام به. قاعدة ذهبية: خطّط عملك، ثم اعمل وفق خطتك. في اليوم ساعات كافية للدراسة والراحة معاً — شريطة أن تُدار بحكمة. كلّما أخّرت، تراكمت الواجبات. قبل وضع جدولك:
🕐 الفترات المثلى للدراسة: ثلاث ساعات منفصلة تساوي ست ساعات متواصلة من ناحية الكفاءة!
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تعليمات: قيّم كل عبارة: 3 = دائماً | 2 = أحياناً | 1 = لا / أبداً
| Statement | العبارة | Rating | التقييم | Arabic Note | ملاحظة |
|---|---|---|
| I have a desk of my own in a private room. | 1–3 | أملك مكتباً خاصاً في غرفة خاصة |
| My desk is neat and orderly. | 1–3 | مكتبي منظّم ومرتّب |
| I have a good, bright lamp. | 1–3 | لديّ مصباح جيد ومضيء |
| The lamp is properly placed on my desk. | 1–3 | المصباح موضوع بشكل صحيح على المكتب |
| I keep all my study materials in or on my desk. | 1–3 | أحتفظ بكل مواد الدراسة على مكتبي |
| The desk is clear of all distracting objects. | 1–3 | المكتب خالٍ من كل ما يشتّت الانتباه |
| I have uninterrupted quiet study hours. | 1–3 | أملك ساعات دراسة هادئة دون انقطاع |
| I use my desk only for study. | 1–3 | أستخدم مكتبي للدراسة فقط |
| The atmosphere is pleasant and makes me want to study. | 1–3 | الجوّ مريح ويشجّعني على الدراسة |
| Total | المجموع | 25 = ممتاز · 20 = متوسط · أقل من 20 = يجب التحسين | |
تعليمات: ضع علامة × في الخانات المخصصة للدراسة في جدولك الأسبوعي.
| Time | Sunday الأحد | Monday الاثنين | Tuesday الثلاثاء |
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Fill in the missing forms. Answers shown in green.
| # | VERB الفعل | NOUN الاسم | ADJECTIVE الصفة | ADVERB الحال |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | accumulate يتراكم | an accumulation تراكم | — | — |
| 2 | — | artificiality اصطناعية | artificial اصطناعي | artificially باصطناعية |
| 3 | assume يفترض | an assumption افتراض | — | — |
| 4 | concentrate يركّز | concentration تركيز | concentrated | — |
| 5 | — | (a) curiosity فضول | curious فضولي | curiously بفضول |
| 6 | — | — | current حالي | currently حالياً |
| 7 | cram يحفظ عشوائياً | cramming الحفظ المكثف | — | — |
| 8 | disturb يزعج | a disturbance إزعاج | disturbing | — |
| 9 | distract يشتّت | (a) distraction مشتِّت | distracting | — |
| 10 | eliminate يزيل | elimination إزالة | — | — |
| 11 | focus يركّز | a focus بؤرة تركيز | focused | — |
| 12 | interrupt يقاطع | an interruption مقاطعة | — | — |
| 13 | isolate يعزل | (an) isolation عزلة | isolated | — |
| 14 | motivate يحفّز | (a) motivation دافع | motivated | — |
| 15 | — | — | obvious واضح | obviously بوضوح |
| 16 | — | an occasion مناسبة | occasional أحياني | occasionally أحياناً |
| 17 | recite يُلقي/يردد | (a) recitation تلاوة/إجابة شفهية | — | — |
| 18 | relax يسترخي | (a) relaxation استرخاء | relaxed / relaxing | — |
| 19 | revise يراجع | a revision مراجعة | — | — |
| 20 | tempt يُغري | (a) temptation إغراء | tempting | — |
| 21 | vary يتنوّع | (a) variety تنوّع | various متنوّع | variously بأشكال متنوعة |
| 22 | — | — | ultimate نهائي/أقصى | ultimately في نهاية المطاف |
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For foreign students of English, a good dictionary is a necessary reference book. Like all tools, it is valuable only if it is used correctly and efficiently. A short time spent on learning what a dictionary contains and how it should be used will save you much time later. The "Authority" of a Dictionary: A dictionary is only a record of how English speakers define, pronounce, spell, and use the words of the language. The only authority an English dictionary has is its completeness, its accuracy in reporting the facts, and its recency of publication. |
بالنسبة للطالب الأجنبي، القاموس الجيد هو مرجع لا غنى عنه. كأيّ أداة، قيمته تكمن في استخدامه الصحيح. قضاء بعض الوقت في تعلّم محتوى القاموس وكيفية استخدامه سيوفّر عليك وقتاً كثيراً لاحقاً. "سلطة" القاموس: القاموس مجرد تسجيل لكيفية استخدام الناطقين بالإنجليزية للكلمات. لا توجد هيئة رسمية تُصادق على القواميس الإنجليزية. 📚 القواميس المُوصى بها للطلاب:
• Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English • Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary • Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary |
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Put the following words in alphabetical order:
Original order:
address, puzzle, mountain, stamp, wrong, disease, night, claim, empire
Alphabetical order: ✓ Correct Answer
These words begin with the same letter (f). Arrange them alphabetically by the second letter:
Original: fry, fence, find, flesh, four, fate, future, freeze
Answer:
These words all begin with pr-. Arrange alphabetically by the third letter:
practice, private, prepare, pray, praise
Copy these words in correct alphabetical order:
extra, example, experiment, exact, express, exclaim, excite, experience, expense, explain, exercise, explore
Write these names in directory style (Last name, First name) and arrange alphabetically:
Charlie Chaplin, Michelangelo, Betty Grable, Jimmy Connors, Rex Harrison, Olivia de Havilland, Horatio Nelson, Marie Dionne, Paul McCartney, Judy Garland
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Rule 1: To add a suffix to a one-syllable word with a single vowel followed by a single consonant → double the final consonant.
run+ing = running | sad+er = sadder | fat+er = fatter | cut+able = cuttable
Rule 2: For words of more than one syllable, double the final consonant if it ends in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel AND stress is on the last syllable.
begin+ing = beginning | occur+ence = occurrence | prefer+ed = preferred
Rule 3: Drop the final silent e before a suffix beginning with a vowel.
take+ing = taking | write+ing = writing | desire+able = desirable
Rule 4: Keep the e to keep the "soft" sound of c or g before suffixes beginning with a, o.
charge+able = chargeable | notice+able = noticeable | courage+ous = courageous
Rule 5: For words ending with y preceded by a consonant → change y to i before adding a suffix.
happy+est = happiest | beauty+ful = beautiful | cry+ing = crying Exceptions: sky+s = skies, cry+s = cries
Rule 6: For words ending with y preceded by a vowel → keep the y.
gay+est = gayest | boy+ish = boyish | enjoy+ing = enjoying | play+s = plays |
القاعدة 1: مقطع واحد + حرف علّة واحد + حرف صحيح واحد في النهاية → ضاعف الحرف الأخير عند إضافة اللاحقة.
run → running
القاعدة 2: مقطعان أو أكثر + الضغط على المقطع الأخير + نفس شرط القاعدة 1 → ضاعف الحرف الأخير.
begin → beginning
القاعدة 3: إذا انتهت الكلمة بـ e صامتة وأضفت لاحقة تبدأ بحرف علّة → احذف الـ e.
take → taking
القاعدة 4: إذا كانت الكلمة تنتهي بـ ce أو ge واللاحقة تبدأ بـ a أو o → أبقِ الـ e.
courage → courageous
القاعدة 5: إذا سبق حرف الـ y حرفٌ صحيح → حوّل y إلى i ثم أضف اللاحقة.
happy → happiest
القاعدة 6: إذا سبق حرف الـ y حرف علّة → أبقِ الـ y.
play → plays / played |
| # | Base Word + Suffix | Rule Applied | Answer | Arabic |
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| 1 | forget + ing | Rule 2 (stress on last syllable → double t) | forgetting | ينسى → ينسى الآن |
| 2 | chilly + er | Rule 5 (y after consonant → i) | chillier | بارد → أكثر برودة |
| 3 | occur + ing | Rule 2 (stress on last → double r) | occurring | يحدث → يحدث الآن |
| 4 | pay + ed | Exception (pay→paid) | paid | يدفع → دفع |
| 5 | surprise + ing | Rule 3 (drop final e) | surprising | يُفاجئ → مُفاجئ |
| 6 | support + ed | No rule needed (ends in 2 consonants) | supported | يدعم → دعم |
| 7 | regret + able | Rule 1 (double t) + able | regrettable | يأسف → مؤسف |
| 8 | lady + s | Rule 5 (y→ies for plural) | ladies | سيدة → سيدات |
| 9 | question + ed | No change needed | questioned | يسأل → سُئل |
| 10 | advantage + ous | Rule 4 (keep e after g before o) | advantageous | ميزة → مُفيد |
| 11 | pleasure + able | Rule 3 (drop e before vowel suffix) | pleasurable | متعة → ممتع |
| 12 | supply + s | Rule 5 (y→ies) | supplies | يُمدّ → مواد/إمدادات |
| 13 | system + atic | No change | systematic | نظام → منهجي |
| 14 | murder + ed | No change (2 syllables, stress on 1st) | murdered | يقتل → قُتل |
| 15 | sit + ing | Rule 1 (double t) | sitting | يجلس → جالس |
| 16 | hope + ing | Rule 3 (drop e) | hoping | يأمل → آمل |
| 17 | hop + ing | Rule 1 (double p) | hopping | يقفز → يقفز الآن |
| 18 | mystery + ous | Rule 5 (y→i+ous) | mysterious | غموض → غامض |
| 19 | marriage + able | Rule 4 (keep e after g) | marriageable | زواج → صالح للزواج |
| 20 | like + able | Rule 3 (drop e) | likeable / likable | محبوب |
| Word | Syllable Division | # Syllables | Arabic |
|---|---|---|---|
| dictator | dic·ta·tor | 3 | ديكتاتور |
| manufacture | man·u·fac·ture | 4 | يصنع |
| beginning | be·gin·ning | 3 | بداية |
| professor | pro·fes·sor | 3 | أستاذ |
| language | lan·guage | 2 | لغة |
| authority | au·thor·i·ty | 4 | سلطة |
| coming | com·ing | 2 | قادم |
| engineer | en·gi·neer | 3 | مهندس |
| medicine | med·i·cine | 3 | دواء |
| advantage | ad·van·tage | 3 | ميزة |
| philosophy | phi·los·o·phy | 4 | فلسفة |
| syllable | syl·la·ble | 3 | مقطع |
| communication | com·mu·ni·ca·tion | 5 | تواصل |
| agriculture | ag·ri·cul·ture | 4 | زراعة |
Look up each word and mark stress (copy pronunciation). Primary stress shown in CAPS:
| Word | Pronunciation | Stressed Syllable | Arabic |
|---|---|---|---|
| necessary | ˈnes-ə-ser-ee | NEC- | ضروري |
| necessity | nəˈses-ə-tee | -CES- | ضرورة |
| necessarily | ˌnes-əˈser-ə-lee | -SER- | بالضرورة |
| dormitory | ˈdɔːr-mə-tɔːr-ee | DOR- | مُقيم/سكن طلابي |
| schedule | ˈsked-jʊəl (Am.) / ˈʃed-juːl (Br.) | SCHED- | جدول |
| February | ˈfeb-ruːer-ee | FEB- | فبراير |
| comfortable | ˈkʌmf-tə-bəl | COMF- | مريح |
| comparable | ˈkɒm-pər-ə-bəl | COM- | مُقارَن به |
| committee | kəˈmɪt-iː | -MIT- | لجنة |
| contribute | kənˈtrɪb-juːt | -TRIB- | يُساهم |
The word play has many meanings. Here are sentences with the meaning for each:
| # | Sentence | Meaning of "play" | Part of Speech | Arabic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The children like to play in the afternoon. | to engage in recreation | verb (intransitive) | يلعب (نشاط ترفيهي) |
| 2 | Mary will play the piano in the concert. | to perform on a musical instrument | verb (transitive) | يعزف |
| 3 | The play produced by the Drama Club was a success. | a theatrical performance | noun | مسرحية |
| 4 | It was a clever play that won the football game. | a move or strategy in a game | noun | حركة/خطوة في اللعبة |
| 5 | The fire fighters played the hose on the fire. | to direct a stream at | verb (transitive) | يوجّه (الخرطوم) |
| 6 | "Seven days without water can make one weak." (pun on "week") | play on words / pun | noun phrase | لعبة ألفاظ / ورية |
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Two-word verbs are very common in spoken English. They consist of a verb + a particle (preposition or adverb). Examples: look after, look at, look for, look into, look out, look up, look over, look across, call on, call off, take off, wear out, hand in, do over, run across, go over These can be found in the dictionary under the main verb entry. |
الأفعال المُركّبة شائعة جداً في الإنجليزية المنطوقة. تتكوّن من فعل + جسيم (حرف جر أو ظرف).
📌 أمثلة شائعة:
look up = يبحث في القاموس give up = يستسلم put off = يؤجّل come into = يرث / يحصل على get by = يكتفي بالحدّ الأدنى keep up with = يواكب |
Find the two-word verb (in italics) and write its meaning:
| # | Sentence | Phrasal Verb | Meaning | Arabic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Your ideas are good but they don't hang together very well. | hang together | to be logically connected | يترابط، يتماسك |
| 2 | Stop putting it off! Do it now. | put off | to postpone, delay | يؤجّل |
| 3 | At first I had difficulty in English, but now I'm getting on okay. | get on | to progress, manage | يتقدّم، يسير بشكل جيد |
| 4 | In order to get your ideas across, you need to organize them clearly. | get across | to communicate, make understood | يُوصّل الفكرة |
| 5 | She tries to get by with the least amount of work. | get by | to manage with minimum effort | يكتفي بالحدّ الأدنى |
| 6 | Professor Allen held forth for over an hour about the dangers of smoking. | hold forth | to speak at great length | يتكلّم طويلاً |
| 7 | My roommate always goes about doing her homework with unusual enthusiasm. | go about | to tackle, approach a task | يتناول / يقترب من مهمة |
| 8 | I don't go in for classical music very much. | go in for | to enjoy or be interested in | يُحبّ / يهتمّ بـ |
| 9 | Please stop by my office this afternoon. | stop by | to visit briefly | يمرّ عليه لفترة قصيرة |
| 10 | Be sure to keep up with the reading assignments so that you understand the lecture. | keep up (with) | to stay current with | يواكب، لا يتأخر عن |
| 11 | She just came into a lot of money. | come into | to inherit or receive unexpectedly | يرث / يحصل على مبلغ |
| 12 | Of course the course is difficult, but that's no reason to give up. | give up | to quit, surrender | يستسلم، يتخلّى |
| 13 | Gerardo finally gave in to the teacher's logic. | give in | to yield, accept another's argument | يرضخ، يُذعن |
| 14 | Just about here in your composition you seem to have run out of ideas. | run out of | to exhaust a supply of | ينفد من، لا يجد |
| 15 | I don't know how she does it, but the teacher always seems to see through my excuses. | see through | to understand a deception | يكشف الخداع، ينفذ إلى الحقيقة |
| # | Sentence with Idiom | Idiom Meaning | Arabic |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I don't get how you found the answer. | understand | يفهم |
| 2 | Professor Haskell's lecture was way over my head. | too difficult to understand | فوق مستواي / لم أفهمه |
| 3 | At first she couldn't get all her homework done, but now she's holding her own. | managing successfully | يُدير أموره بنجاح |
| 4 | My roommate is pretty hard up these days. | short of money | مُعسَر / ليس لديه مال |
| 5 | Your answer would have been better if you hadn't been beating around the bush. | avoiding the main point | يتهرّب من الصلب / يلفّ ويدور |
| 6 | As a rule of thumb, you can get a better grade if you type your report. | as a general guideline | كقاعدة عامة |
| 7 | My roommate has experienced unhappy love at first hand. | directly, personally | مباشرةً، من تجربة شخصية |
| 8 | The bookstore doesn't have the book on hand, but they promised to order it immediately. | available, in stock | متوفّر / في المخزون |
| 9 | I think she flunked because she tried to burn the candle at both ends. | to overwork, exhaust oneself | يُجهد نفسه / يُسرف في العمل ليلاً ونهاراً |
| 10 | I hear you were going to complain to the teacher but you got cold feet. | became afraid to do something | تراجع خوفاً في اللحظة الأخيرة |
| 11 | His roommate arrived at the party dressed to kill. | wearing very impressive clothes | مُتأنّق جداً / يرتدي أجمل ملابسه |
| 12 | Sorry I can't go with you; I have to burn the midnight oil. | to study/work very late | يسهر للدراسة أو العمل |
| 13 | I don't think you and she see eye-to-eye on the matter. | to agree completely | يتّفقان تماماً |
| 14 | The administration let that building go to pot. | to deteriorate, fall into disrepair | يتدهور، يُترك للإهمال |
| 15 | He wanted to return to school, but unfortunately he had burned all his bridges. | destroyed all possibilities of going back | حرق كل جسوره / أغلق باب العودة |
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The history of a word, technically called etymology, can be a fascinating part of using your dictionary. When you look up any word, take time to study the etymology. It will not only be interesting to know, but will also help you to remember the word and its meaning better. Words from Other Languages: Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language (1961) contains almost half a million words. Most of these have originally come from English itself or from Latin, Greek, or French. English speakers have been willing to borrow words whenever they need them. |
الاشتقاق (Etymology) هو دراسة أصول الكلمات وتاريخها. عند البحث عن أيّ كلمة في القاموس، خذ وقتاً لتقرأ أصلها — فهذا يُساعدك على تذكّر معناها بشكل أفضل. الإنجليزية لغة مستعيرة: معظم كلمات الإنجليزية مستعارة من اللاتينية واليونانية والفرنسية واللغات الأخرى. 🌍 أمثلة على كلمات مستعارة:
• من العربية: algebra (الجبر), sugar (السكر), alcohol (الكحول), cotton (القطن) • من اليابانية: sputnik, kimono, kitsch • من الألمانية: kindergarten (روضة أطفال) • من الإسبانية: mosquito, tornado |
Look up the etymology of each word. Answers based on standard dictionary references:
| Word | Language of Origin | Original Meaning | Arabic |
|---|---|---|---|
| magazine | Arabic (مخازن makhāzin) | storehouses / warehouses | مجلة — أصلها "مخازن" |
| mosquito | Spanish/Portuguese | little fly | بعوضة — من الإسبانية "ذبابة صغيرة" |
| orange | Arabic (نارنج nāranj) via Persian | orange fruit | برتقالة — من العربية |
| shampoo | Hindi (चाँपो chāmpo) | to press/knead | شامبو — من الهندية |
| kayak | Inuit (Eskimo) | small boat | قارب صغير من ثقافة الإنويت |
| kindergarten | German | children's garden | روضة الأطفال — من الألمانية |
| pajamas | Persian/Urdu (پاجامه) | leg garment | بيجاما — من الفارسية/الأوردو |
| ketchup | Malay (kicap) | fish sauce | كاتشاب — أصله صلصة سمك آسيوية |
| pizza | Italian (Old High German bizzo) | bite | بيتزا — من الإيطالية أصلها "لقمة" |
| boycott | Person's name (Capt. Charles Boycott) | land agent who was ostracized | مقاطعة — من اسم ضابط بريطاني |
| sandwich | Person's name (Earl of Sandwich) | nobleman who ate meat between bread | ساندويتش — من اسم إيرل بريطاني |
| volcano | Latin (Vulcanus - god of fire) | Roman god of fire | بركان — من الإله الروماني فولكانوس |
These words are commonly misspelled. Study them carefully:
The dictionary includes labels that describe the level of usage or special uses of a word:
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القاموس يحتوي على ملصقات تصف مستوى استخدام الكلمة:
💡 انتبه لهذه الملصقات عند اختيار الكلمة المناسبة في كتاباتك الأكاديمية — لا تستخدم كلمة slang في مقال رسمي!
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ملخص شامل للمفردات والأفعال المركّبة والتعابير
All difficult words · Phrasal Verbs · Idioms — with Arabic meanings, examples & translations
| # | Word / الكلمة | POS | Level | Arabic Meaning / المعنى | English Example | الترجمة العربية للمثال |
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| # | Phrasal Verb / الفعل المركّب | Level | Arabic Meaning / المعنى | English Example | الترجمة العربية للمثال |
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| # | Idiom / التعبير الاصطلاحي | Arabic Meaning / المعنى | English Example | الترجمة العربية للمثال |
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